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yeah all right at that wind verge

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Institute our mental mediumship research

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involves three major programs codenamed

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information where we look at the

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accuracy and specificity of the content

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of the mediums readings application

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where we're interested in the social

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applications of mediumship readings at

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this point specifically we're interested

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in in the treatment of grief and then

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operation where we look at things like

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the mediums unique phenomenology

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experiences or psychology or physiology

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which I'll be talking about today the

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team that we work with the mediums we

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work as a team of Winfred certified

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research mediums each of them have

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passed an eight step screening testing

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and training procedure in during which

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they successfully provide accurate

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readings about a deceased person under

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entirely blinded conditions right now

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our team involves 17 female and two male

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mediums their average age is 54 ears

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they're spread all over the United

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States I've never even been in the same

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room as some of them and versus the

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mediums that were historically studied

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like starting in the 1880s by people

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like William James these mediums do not

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enter full trance they remain totally

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awake totally aware during the reading

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and they it's if anything mild or minor

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trance they have a little bit of

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difficulty with the time that has passed

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during the reading but that's about it

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and then versus the mediums who practice

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readings and spiritualist churches in a

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group setting these mediums do primarily

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[Music]

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one-on-one readings primarily over the

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phone and similarly in contrast to those

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spiritualist mediums studied primarily

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in the UK these mediums we refer to as

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secular because they don't subscribe to

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any particular

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Leonore belief system the trance is also

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so trance full trance was true of

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mediums historically and also of the

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Spiritist mediums studied primarily in

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Brazil so these are a relatively unique

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group of mediums that we work with we

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recently published this paper where we

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in the information research program

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where we looked at the specificity and

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accuracy of the information the mediums

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reported during 58 readings the

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procedure the protocol as well as the

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results are complicated so was just the

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take-home message here as they were able

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to accurately provide accurate

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information they were able to

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effectively provide accurate information

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under blinded conditions so we're also

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interested in the medium psychology of

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their unique psychology so in in tests

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of the big five personality traits in

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this group they score significantly

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higher in extraversion conscientiousness

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and openness and significantly lower in

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neuroticism

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than the norms so they're definitely

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people you want at your party and they

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are definitely people you want working

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as a research participants volunteering

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their time at your lab I must say we

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also have tested them for trans lumen

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allottee which is the largely

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involuntary susceptibility to an

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awareness of large volumes of inward

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lead generated psychological phenomena

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of an ideational and affective kind so

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transluminal tea reflects things such as

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fantasy proneness absorption creative

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and schizotypal personality mystical

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experiences and belief in an experience

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of the paranormal so it's sort of an

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umbrella psychological factor there's a

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trans limit at a scale that it's 29 to

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or false items and you just count up the

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truths and normally people count about

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15 of the 29 items is through this

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population and medium says 23 which is

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statistically significantly higher than

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normal and so that lets let's talk about

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the physiology mediums or

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is why we are here today so in 1963 in

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the International Journal of

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parapsychology this French

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neuroendocrinologist and physician

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Dominique and I've been practicing me

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pronouncing his French name so let's see

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if I can do it

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Allah a sight all right I did it okay

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and he made observations of 43 female

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mediums starting in 1954 and he said

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five of them who might rightfully be

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called mediums and then he developed a

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two hundred and seven item questionnaire

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to give to those five individuals as

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well as ten other mediums that he had

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come across and in the paper it's

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unclear the level of trance that these

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mediums entered so from his just talking

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to them he didn't he didn't collect any

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did he just questioned them and and gave

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them this survey he found that a lot of

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them reported water attention and

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nervous diuresis basically nervous

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bladder exophthalmos which is the

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technical term for bulgy a libel 92% had

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a tendency toward ecchymosis which is

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bruising 79 percent complained of

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twisting their ankles at every turn 67

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percent reported hypertrichosis which is

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abnormal hair growth 47 percent had a

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particular sensitivity of the epigastric

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region and 33 reported a tendency

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towards rheumatism and then in 2005 the

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parapsychological foundation put out of

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coverage called the study of mediumship

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interdisciplinary perspectives and their

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ruth Reitzel reported her findings of

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examining numerous historical so late

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this era from the starting in the 1880s

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the late 19th and early 20th centuries

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she looked at all of these different

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descriptions that researchers had

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written up about mediums bodily states

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during and after these mutants again

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were deep trance mediums specifically

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when manifested in the context of

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physiological disturbance and she found

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that the medium stay often involved an

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altered physiological balance of the

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sympathetic and parasympathetic branches

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of the autonomic nervous system a

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bizarre mixture of cholinergic passivity

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and

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we looked at the electric cortical

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physiology of the mediums we asked in

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this study had two parts and in this

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particular part we asked the mediums to

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intentionally engage in these four

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different mental states and then we

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looked at their EEG during each so

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recollection think about someone that

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you know remember them perception listen

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while I read out loud this information

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about a person fabrication make up

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someone and think about that person and

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then communication communicate with a

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deceased person that you know and have

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invited to the lab and we found that the

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experience of communicating with the

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deceased may be a distinct mental state

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that is not consistent with brain

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activity during ordinary thinking or

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imagination and then anecdotally like

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just getting to know you know these

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mediums that I've been working with for

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several years now they they seem to have

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a lot of diseases especially the female

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mediums I mean the majority of our

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mediums are female but for example 10 of

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16 so I surveyed them formally I was

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noticing this and then I had them fill

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out a questionnaire so 16 responded and

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10 of the 16 have autoimmune disorders

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three of those ten have more than one

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autoimmune disorder and so that 63% the

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National prevalence of autoimmune

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disorders in the US is 5 to 8 percent so

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the chance is that if I just randomly

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picked 16 people that 10 of them would

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have autoimmune disease you know not to

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mention more than one as infinitesimal

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they also report about three times the

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prevalence of migraines which is

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significant proportion and more than

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twice the incidence of type 2 diabetes

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but that's not significant in the survey

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they also reported 57% edition including

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bronchitis pneumonia nazma 50 percent

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reported food intolerance and

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environmental sensitivities 50 percent

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back pain 43 percent sinus issues and

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then like the French mediums from the

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50s 43 percent did

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report gastrointestinal issues 29%

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arthritic disorders and 21% water

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retention very few reported ecchymosis

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bruising only 14% vs. ascites 92% and

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then no PO GL eyeball or weird hair

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growth in my population Joan Hagman

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Julio president Alexander Mori era

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Almeida and colleagues also have

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reported that spiritual practitioners

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often are at risk for stress-related

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symptoms at least in the United States

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self-styled mediums and Chandler's may

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be at greater risk than healers and

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intuitive so we wanted to look at this

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specifically we're empiricists let's

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let's look at what's going on so we

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designed this study we call the heme

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fist Eddie it was funded by the be--i'll

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Foundation and we wanted to just get to

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what is it is there something about

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mediumship that causes disease in this

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population specifically to hematological

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and our physiological changes occur

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during readings by wind bridge mediums

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we repeated we use the repeated measures

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design in which five of these medium

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wind bridge mediums participated in two

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randomized conditions of mediumship

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reading and then a control conditioning

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which no psychic abilities were used pre

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and post each of the two conditions

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before and after we looked at blood

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pressure heart rate temperature and we

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took their blood and then during

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continuous during each condition we

235
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looked at pulse ox heart rate and heart

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rate variability our secondary question

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was do changes in heart rate variability

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correlate to variations in the accuracy

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of the medium statements during

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different segments of the readings so

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during each reading the medium was asked

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six questions about the deceased person

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they were asked to interact with

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describe the physical appearance of the

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deceased the personality what hobbies

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are interested they have how did they

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die do they have any messages for the

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sitter and is there anything else you

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can tell me and then the sitter gave

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each of those six segments in the

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reading a score and due to the posse of

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research in this area to the best of my

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knowledge there's been no research in

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this area with this population of modern

255
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day American secular mediums

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it was difficult to predict which

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hematological factors and physical

258
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physiological measures are the most

259
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changed during the mediumistic state so

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we just looked at a bunch of things and

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thought maybe we'll we'll catch

262
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something well we'll have an idea of

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what to follow through on so we looked

264
00:11:23,320 --> 00:11:20,810
at 27 hematological elements including

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erythrocyte sedimentation rate sed rate

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which is a general generally reflects

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the inflammatory State the stress

268
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hormone cortisol the catecholamines

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epinephrine norepinephrine and dopamine

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as well as just you know standard CBC

271
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and blood chemistry and then we looked

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at psychophysiological measures blood

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pressure pulse ox electrocardiograph

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which gave us heart rate and heart rate

275
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variability and then body temperature

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was assessed at the skin as well as

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through thermographic imaging of the

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hands and the head and so what did we

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find

280
00:12:02,050 --> 00:11:58,100
mediumship under these binding

281
00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:02,060
conditions happened the scores which are

282
00:12:06,850 --> 00:12:03,920
from 0 to 6 for these six different

283
00:12:11,140 --> 00:12:06,860
sections and five mediums readings was

284
00:12:12,940 --> 00:12:11,150
four point one out of six and four is a

285
00:12:17,230 --> 00:12:12,950
good section with some incorrect

286
00:12:19,150 --> 00:12:17,240
information all hematological elements

287
00:12:21,850 --> 00:12:19,160
fell well within normal ranges across

288
00:12:25,840 --> 00:12:21,860
all four conditions pre and post reading

289
00:12:27,329 --> 00:12:25,850
pre and post control all normal no

290
00:12:30,040 --> 00:12:27,339
differences we're seen for any

291
00:12:31,600 --> 00:12:30,050
hematological elements or for all but

292
00:12:33,460 --> 00:12:31,610
one which I'll talk about in a second

293
00:12:36,970 --> 00:12:33,470
physiological measures across conditions

294
00:12:39,400 --> 00:12:36,980
so there's not no change in anything and

295
00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:39,410
we saw no correlation between HRV and

296
00:12:46,329 --> 00:12:43,010
accuracy our theory was you know there's

297
00:12:48,550 --> 00:12:46,339
been a lot of data published I mean the

298
00:12:50,620 --> 00:12:48,560
body might have access to SCI

299
00:12:52,720 --> 00:12:50,630
information that cognitively we don't

300
00:12:56,530 --> 00:12:52,730
have access to so the mediums don't have

301
00:12:57,910 --> 00:12:56,540
any cognitive they don't know when the

302
00:13:00,250 --> 00:12:57,920
information they're reporting is going

303
00:13:02,020 --> 00:13:00,260
to be scored as incorrect by the sitter

304
00:13:06,490 --> 00:13:02,030
so we thought well does the body know

305
00:13:10,240 --> 00:13:06,500
and when looking at HRV there was no

306
00:13:12,460 --> 00:13:10,250
change in HIV related to accuracy the

307
00:13:14,690 --> 00:13:12,470
one thing we did see was that the ratio

308
00:13:17,300 --> 00:13:14,700
between low frequency and high frequency

309
00:13:19,460 --> 00:13:17,310
of measure of heart rate variability was

310
00:13:21,230 --> 00:13:19,470
significantly higher for the reading

311
00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:21,240
condition versus the control condition

312
00:13:27,050 --> 00:13:24,210
and a higher ratio indicates increased

313
00:13:29,510 --> 00:13:27,060
sympathetic flight flight fight freeze

314
00:13:32,360 --> 00:13:29,520
or reduce parasympathetic rest and

315
00:13:34,100 --> 00:13:32,370
digest activity however we didn't see

316
00:13:36,080 --> 00:13:34,110
any changes in the stress hormone

317
00:13:40,640 --> 00:13:36,090
cortisol no changes in norepinephrine

318
00:13:42,650 --> 00:13:40,650
which is sympathetic catecholamine no

319
00:13:44,420 --> 00:13:42,660
change in heart rate and no change in

320
00:13:47,420 --> 00:13:44,430
the other two factors of heart rate

321
00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:47,430
variability that we looked into and in

322
00:13:50,120 --> 00:13:48,930
addition epinet the other two

323
00:13:52,100 --> 00:13:50,130
catecholamines that we looked at

324
00:13:53,960 --> 00:13:52,110
epinephrine and dopamine were too low

325
00:13:57,860 --> 00:13:53,970
and across all samples for the lab to

326
00:14:00,080 --> 00:13:57,870
even detect so it no detectable

327
00:14:02,120 --> 00:14:00,090
hematological or psycho physiological

328
00:14:03,650 --> 00:14:02,130
changes seem to have occurred during the

329
00:14:07,130 --> 00:14:03,660
mediumship readings it didn't seem that

330
00:14:09,830 --> 00:14:07,140
we can track any any changes in their

331
00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:09,840
bodies and the limitations beyond this

332
00:14:14,480 --> 00:14:11,730
being a small study there's only five

333
00:14:16,700 --> 00:14:14,490
participants and you know the the issue

334
00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:16,710
that happens in every experiment is when

335
00:14:24,080 --> 00:14:22,250
dasai happen so if they experienced they

336
00:14:26,240 --> 00:14:24,090
communicated with the deceased person

337
00:14:27,890 --> 00:14:26,250
that morning in the hotel room which a

338
00:14:29,870 --> 00:14:27,900
number of them reported that that had

339
00:14:32,120 --> 00:14:29,880
happened and then we took their blood in

340
00:14:35,360 --> 00:14:32,130
the lab maybe we didn't catch it at

341
00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:35,370
whatever had happened so in addition to

342
00:14:40,640 --> 00:14:37,170
those limitations we did only do one

343
00:14:42,740 --> 00:14:40,650
reading and usually in their everyday

344
00:14:44,810 --> 00:14:42,750
practices they're doing four or five six

345
00:14:49,730 --> 00:14:44,820
readings a day and we didn't look at

346
00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:49,740
everything we were limited by cost and

347
00:14:53,660 --> 00:14:52,290
we basically bled them dry as it was

348
00:14:55,250 --> 00:14:53,670
looking at all the different factors

349
00:14:58,850 --> 00:14:55,260
that we looked at so we couldn't look at

350
00:15:01,100 --> 00:14:58,860
everything and but I'm gonna conclude

351
00:15:03,890 --> 00:15:01,110
perhaps mediumship isn't causing the

352
00:15:06,620 --> 00:15:03,900
disease in this population thank you so

353
00:15:08,570 --> 00:15:06,630
what does cause disease I'm gonna

354
00:15:12,230 --> 00:15:08,580
propose its childhood trauma and abuse

355
00:15:14,870 --> 00:15:12,240
and their trigger warning I will now

356
00:15:17,060 --> 00:15:14,880
talk about child abuse there are four

357
00:15:20,540 --> 00:15:17,070
kinds physical emotional sexual and

358
00:15:23,240 --> 00:15:20,550
physical or emotional neglect and I'll

359
00:15:24,640 --> 00:15:23,250
just jump through this these have been

360
00:15:26,750 --> 00:15:24,650
linked to problems in adulthood

361
00:15:28,220 --> 00:15:26,760
including public health issues mental

362
00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:28,230
health issues and

363
00:15:31,430 --> 00:15:29,850
physical diseases and reduction in

364
00:15:34,430 --> 00:15:31,440
lifespan which is what we're interested

365
00:15:35,810 --> 00:15:34,440
in child abuse in general has been

366
00:15:37,520 --> 00:15:35,820
linked to pain neurological

367
00:15:40,760 --> 00:15:37,530
musculoskeletal cardiovascular

368
00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:40,770
respiratory issues and then the

369
00:15:45,070 --> 00:15:42,750
different types of abuse have also been

370
00:15:47,480 --> 00:15:45,080
linked to specific types of diseases

371
00:15:48,200 --> 00:15:47,490
including diabetes and autoimmune

372
00:15:53,210 --> 00:15:48,210
disease

373
00:15:55,130 --> 00:15:53,220
with neglect so we use a child abuse and

374
00:15:57,140 --> 00:15:55,140
trauma scale which yields a quantitative

375
00:16:01,430 --> 00:15:57,150
index of the frequency and extent of

376
00:16:03,290 --> 00:16:01,440
various types of experiences in

377
00:16:05,390 --> 00:16:03,300
childhood and adolescence there's 38

378
00:16:08,720 --> 00:16:05,400
multiple-choice items that gauge all

379
00:16:12,470 --> 00:16:08,730
these these types of abuse and compared

380
00:16:14,540 --> 00:16:12,480
to the norms this population of mediums

381
00:16:16,730 --> 00:16:14,550
who filled out the survey scored

382
00:16:19,370 --> 00:16:16,740
significantly higher on all types of

383
00:16:22,130 --> 00:16:19,380
abuse that were looked at with this

384
00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:22,140
scale childhood trauma has also been

385
00:16:25,610 --> 00:16:24,450
linked to psychic activity psychic

386
00:16:29,150 --> 00:16:25,620
ability

387
00:16:30,740 --> 00:16:29,160
acai in 1963 chose to include in his

388
00:16:33,260 --> 00:16:30,750
report all subject except one had

389
00:16:35,450 --> 00:16:33,270
difficult adolescents sociologists and

390
00:16:37,250 --> 00:16:35,460
Greeley noted that people who score high

391
00:16:39,710 --> 00:16:37,260
on psych tests are more likely to report

392
00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:39,720
high levels of family tension and then

393
00:16:43,940 --> 00:16:41,760
Silvia heartwright noted that stress in

394
00:16:46,840 --> 00:16:43,950
early childhood tends to create greater

395
00:16:49,750 --> 00:16:46,850
than average psychic powers and adults

396
00:16:52,340 --> 00:16:49,760
even the practitioner community has

397
00:16:53,990 --> 00:16:52,350
publicly talked about the troubling link

398
00:16:56,420 --> 00:16:54,000
between childhood trauma and psychic

399
00:16:59,200 --> 00:16:56,430
ability and there are a number of

400
00:17:02,150 --> 00:16:59,210
proposed mechanisms for how this link

401
00:17:05,210 --> 00:17:02,160
one is abuse causes dissociation and

402
00:17:08,030 --> 00:17:05,220
that's a sigh conducive state the

403
00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:08,040
presence of abuse may result in the

404
00:17:12,710 --> 00:17:10,160
development of predictive and protective

405
00:17:17,090 --> 00:17:12,720
perception so you have to learn to be

406
00:17:18,890 --> 00:17:17,100
aware of of things that just beyond the

407
00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:18,900
five senses where the dangers coming

408
00:17:23,690 --> 00:17:21,150
from if it's coming that sort of thing

409
00:17:27,260 --> 00:17:23,700
so you've learned to be open to these

410
00:17:29,210 --> 00:17:27,270
other issues as well as disruption of

411
00:17:31,760 --> 00:17:29,220
chakra or other energetic systems

412
00:17:33,980 --> 00:17:31,770
through abuse results in psychic ability

413
00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:33,990
so I think we've seen we've established

414
00:17:38,390 --> 00:17:36,210
in this population the the relationship

415
00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:38,400
between mediumship and disease the

416
00:17:41,250 --> 00:17:39,810
relation between mediumship and

417
00:17:45,330 --> 00:17:41,260
childhood trauma and

418
00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:45,340
the mainstream evidence for trauma and

419
00:17:50,490 --> 00:17:47,890
its relationship to disease so I am

420
00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:50,500
proposing not concluding but proposing

421
00:17:56,010 --> 00:17:54,010
that it's not mediumship that causes

422
00:18:00,270 --> 00:17:56,020
disease it's trauma that causes

423
00:18:03,540 --> 00:18:00,280
mediumship and disease so in the future

424
00:18:06,150 --> 00:18:03,550
we've received a second this not our

425
00:18:08,280 --> 00:18:06,160
cigarette another grant from the

426
00:18:09,780 --> 00:18:08,290
be--i'll foundation titled the

427
00:18:12,030 --> 00:18:09,790
development and implementation of a

428
00:18:14,370 --> 00:18:12,040
comprehensive survey of secular American

429
00:18:15,990 --> 00:18:14,380
mediums our aim of that studies to

430
00:18:18,410 --> 00:18:16,000
identify potentially unique demographic

431
00:18:20,490 --> 00:18:18,420
cognitive psychological physiological

432
00:18:22,770 --> 00:18:20,500
familial cultural and phenomenological

433
00:18:24,960 --> 00:18:22,780
characteristics of self identifying

434
00:18:27,660 --> 00:18:24,970
mediums in the US so we'd like to see is

435
00:18:29,940 --> 00:18:27,670
this are these trends present in the

436
00:18:33,030 --> 00:18:29,950
population in general besides just these

437
00:18:35,070 --> 00:18:33,040
this our team that we work with we also

438
00:18:37,650 --> 00:18:35,080
would not be averse to collect him or

439
00:18:40,230 --> 00:18:37,660
him team phys data if the resources were

440
00:18:41,730 --> 00:18:40,240
to present themselves so I want to

441
00:18:44,010 --> 00:18:41,740
acknowledge my husband and research

442
00:18:46,070 --> 00:18:44,020
partner in mark Poquette C who collected

443
00:18:48,930 --> 00:18:46,080
and analyzed all the physiological data

444
00:18:50,970 --> 00:18:48,940
the physicians Shawn to Sonnen Judy

445
00:18:52,530 --> 00:18:50,980
Gianni who helped us with the blood

446
00:18:55,380 --> 00:18:52,540
collection and let us use their layout

447
00:18:57,480 --> 00:18:55,390
their facilities the mediums and the

448
00:18:59,700 --> 00:18:57,490
sitters who participated the be--i'll

449
00:19:01,960 --> 00:18:59,710
foundation for their funding and you for